John Sidney McCain III was born on August 29, 1936. He is the senior United States Senator from Arizona and was the presidential nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 United States presidential election.
McCain has his graduate degree from the U.S. Naval Academy. He turned a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. While on Vietnam War, he almost lost his life in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, during a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was gunned down, severly injured, and caught by the North Vietnamese. He was put in jail until 1973. McCain ran across episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war injuries left him with lifelong physical barriers.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981, relocated to Arizona, and went into politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he acted for 2 terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, succeeding re-election easily in 1992, 1998, and 2004. While commonly adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for having disagreed with his party. After being investigated and hugely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he done campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which randomly led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also famous for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his trust that the war in Iraq must be fought to a successful end. McCain has been the Senate Commerce Committee, has opposed spending that he thought to be pork barrel, and played a vital role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.
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